What do I need to secure a loan?

Applying for a business loan can feel overwhelming. If you’ve ever felt uncertain or anxious about the process, you’re not alone. Many business owners find it confusing, and sometimes a little intimidating.

But a business loan isn’t a last resort or a sign that something’s gone wrong. In many cases, it’s a smart, strategic move that helps a business grow, stabilize, or take advantage of new opportunities. 

Most of what determines loan success comes down to preparation. Once you understand what lenders are looking for, the process becomes much more straightforward. This article will walk you through what to expect, how to prepare, and how to approach your loan application with clarity and confidence. 

Which loan matches my business needs? 

Before you compare loan options, it’s important to clarify exactly what the funds are for. This isn’t just something your lender will ask; it’s the foundation for choosing the right loan structure, amount, and terms. 

Common reasons business owners seek loans: 

• Covering startup costs 
• Expanding operations, locations, or staff 
• Purchasing or upgrading equipment 
• Managing working capital during slower periods 
• Buying commercial property 

Matching the loan to its purpose helps avoid unnecessary costs and increases the likelihood of approval. 

Common business loan types: 

• Term Loans: Ideal for one-time investments with a longer repayment period. 
• Lines of Credit: Useful for ongoing or unpredictable expenses, such as inventory or repairs. 
• SBA Loans: Government-backed loans that offer better rates but require more documentation and eligibility steps. 
• Equipment Financing: Designed for buying vehicles, machinery, or tools, secured by the equipment itself. 
• Commercial Mortgages: Specifically for purchasing business property. 
  

Estimating the right loan amount

Avoid guessing or rounding up without a plan. Start by identifying specific costs: how much will the equipment, renovation, or inventory purchase actually require? Then outline how you plan to repay the loan based on projected cash flow. 

What to know about collateral 

Collateral includes assets like real estate, equipment, inventory, or accounts receivable that can back the loan. Lenders view collateral as protection in case of default, but it also signals that you’re serious and prepared. Having documentation and valuations ready can help strengthen your application from the start. 

What lenders look for in your application 

Lenders aren’t trying to catch you off guard. They just want to see clear signs that your business is financially healthy and that you can repay the loan. Here’s what they’ll evaluate. 

Credit History 

• Personal credit: If your business is new or lacks credit history, your personal credit score will carry weight. 
• Business credit: For more established businesses, lenders will review your business credit profile. 

What to do: 

• Review your credit reports for both personal and business accounts. 
• Dispute any errors and pay down existing debts where possible. 
• Know your current standing before you apply. 
  

Business Plan 

Lenders want to see that you understand your market and have a realistic plan for success. Make sure your business plan includes: 

• Executive summary 
• Market analysis 
• Leadership and team structure 
• Product or service details 
• Marketing strategy 
• Financial projections 

Financial Records 

You’ll need to provide key financial documents, such as: 

• Profit and loss statements 
• Balance sheets 
• Cash flow statements 
• Business tax returns from recent years 
• Accounts receivable and accounts payable reports (if applicable) 

Keep business and personal finances completely separate. This makes your records clearer and helps avoid confusion. 

Collateral 

Most lenders want security for the loan. That could include: 

• Real estate 
• Equipment or inventory 
• Outstanding invoices 

Have clear documentation ready, including appraisals and proof of ownership. 

Legal Documents 

Make sure your paperwork is current and complete. This includes: 

• Business licenses and permits 
• Articles of incorporation 
• Key contracts or lease agreements 

Lenders view missing documents as red flags. 

Debt and Revenue 

Lenders will look at your current obligations to see if you can take on more. Be prepared to show: 

• Monthly revenue 
• Consistent income 
• Responsible debt management 

Personal Guarantee 

You may be asked to personally back the loan. That means providing: 

• Personal financial statements 
• A signed commitment to repay if the business can’t 

Choosing the right loan for your business 

Each loan serves a different purpose. Choosing the right one starts with getting specific about what you need. Are you investing in growth, covering operating costs, or making a major purchase? Do you have collateral? How quickly do you need the money, and how long will it take to pay it back? 

These details shape your options. Lenders will ask, and your answers will point you toward the structure that fits. Use this overview to match your needs to the most common types of business loans: 

• Term loans 
  Useful for one-time investments such as renovations or expansion. You receive a lump sum and repay it in fixed installments over time. 
• Line of credit 
  Designed for short-term or recurring expenses like inventory or payroll. You borrow as needed and only pay interest on what you use. 
• Commercial mortgage 
  Meant for purchasing business property. The property itself secures the loan. 
• Equipment financing 
  Helps cover the cost of tools, machinery, or vehicles. The equipment typically serves as collateral. 
• SBA loans 
  Offered through banks but backed by the Small Business Administration. These loans often have better terms but may take more time to qualify for and complete. 
  

Not sure which one to choose? Start with your purpose, timing, and what you can offer as collateral. If you still have questions, a financial advisor or experienced lender can help you sort through the details. 

What can I do now to strengthen my application? 

You do not have to wait until you are filling out a loan form to start preparing. Many of the strongest applications come from business owners who got organized early. Here are a few ways to boost your chances now: 

• Check your credit regularly 
  Look at both your personal and business credit reports. Dispute errors and work on paying down outstanding balances where possible. 
• Organize your financial records 
  Lenders want to see accurate and up-to-date numbers. Keep your income statements, balance sheets, tax returns, and cash flow reports current and easy to access. 
• Separate business and personal accounts 
  This keeps things clean for both you and your lender. It shows that you manage your finances with intention. 
• Refine your business plan 
  Make sure it includes a clear executive summary, real market research, and financial projections that are conservative and well supported. 
• Pull together your collateral documents 
  That includes ownership records, titles, recent appraisals, and any other documentation that verifies the value of your assets. 
• Consult with a professional 
  A good accountant or legal advisor can catch gaps, make improvements, and help you feel more confident in what you are presenting. 

What questions should I expect from a lender? 

When you sit down with a lender, expect them to ask direct questions. These are not meant to catch you off guard; they are there to confirm that you have a clear plan. 

Be ready to answer: 

• How will you use the funds? 
• Why are you applying for this type of loan? 
• How did you calculate the loan amount? 
• What collateral are you offering, and what is it worth? 
• What will you do if the business faces a setback? 

Practicing your responses ahead of time can help you feel prepared and confident. A thoughtful answer shows the lender that you understand your business and are serious about making it work. 

The bottom line 

Getting a business loan is more than filling out forms. It is about showing that you are prepared, responsible, and invested in your business’s future. 

When you take the time to organize your documents, understand your numbers, and prepare for lender questions, you put yourself in a stronger position. You may not only increase your chances of approval but also unlock better terms and more flexibility. 

You do not have to figure this out alone. If you want a second set of eyes or help making sure everything is in order, we are here to support you. Schedule a free call with DiMercurio Advisors to get clear, practical guidance on choosing the right loan and moving forward with confidence.